In the Greek-speaking city of Aphrodisias (located in modern-day Turkey), archaeologist have discovered a wealth of graffiti from the 4th and 5th centuries CE, some of which shed light on the local Jewish community:
Aphrodisias . . . boasted a sizable Jewish population. Many Jewish traders set up shop in an abandoned temple complex known as the Sebasteion. Among the graffiti found there is a depiction of a Hanukkah menorah, a nine-candle lamp that would be lit during the Jewish festival, [as opposed to the seven-branched menorah used in the Temple, which is richly attested in ancient iconography]. “This may be one of the earliest representations of a Hanukkah menorah that we know from ancient times,” said [the scholar Angelos] Chaniotis. . . .
In the decades that followed [his ascension to the throne in 527 CE, the emperor] Justinian restricted or banned polytheistic and Jewish practices. Aphrodisias, which had been named after the goddess Aphrodite, was renamed Stauropolis. Polytheistic and Jewish imagery, including some of the graffiti, was destroyed.
Read more on LiveScience: http://www.livescience.com/51203-ancient-graffiti-gladiator-combat-discovered.html