A group of archaeologists working in Israel constructed a clay oven similar to those common in biblical times and used it to bake bread. Cynthia Shafer-Elliott describes the process:
There are a few different types of traditional ovens that are still used today in the Middle East. One of the most common . . . is the tannur. A tannur is a beehive-shaped clay oven, usually close to one meter high, and will typically have two openings: one at the bottom and one at the top. Ethno-archaeological studies show that after a fire fueled by kindling and animal dung is built on the floor of the tannur, the ashes are raked out of the bottom opening, before using the top opening to slap the dough onto the interior walls or even the floor to bake. Platters and cooking pots could also be placed on top of the upper opening and used for baking or cooking, respectively. . . . The term tannur is found in the Hebrew Bible fifteen times, seven of which refer to an oven used to bake bread. . . .
We were all pleasantly surprised at how well the tannur worked and how tasty the bread turned out. Like many ancient societies, the Israelites were dependent upon cereals; so much so that the word for bread, leḥem, is synonymous with food. The process of turning grain into flour, then into dough, and finally into bread, would have been time-consuming—not to mention the construction and maintenance of the tannur itself.
Read more on Bible History Daily: http://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/ancient-cultures/daily-life-and-practice/biblical-bread-baking-like-the-ancient-israelites/