The Dead Sea Scrolls are called that because they were discovered in caves in the Negev desert, not far from the Dead Sea, in the vicinity of the ancient community of Qumran. For some time, eleven caves have been known to have contained Jewish parchments from the Second Temple period. Now archaeologists have found one more, but believe the scrolls in it were taken by Bedouin in the middle of the last century. Ruth Schuster writes:

The cave lies in the stark desert cliff west of Qumran, near the northwestern shore of the Dead Sea. . . . If [the archaeologists] are right, it is the first new “scroll cave” to be identified in over 60 years. Evidence that the cave once housed scrolls is indirect. A number of lidded pottery jars of a type typical of the Second Temple period (between 530 BCE and 70 CE) were found concealed in niches along the walls of the cave and deep inside a long tunnel at its rear, say the archaeologists. But the jars were all broken and their contents were removed.

Why accuse modern Bedouin? Because the archaeologists also found two iron pickaxe heads from the 1950s that had been left inside the tunnel, presumably for reuse. Cave 8 had been the same—scroll jars, but no parchments, were found. At least none with writing. One jar in Cave 12 did contain a rolled up parchment, but it was blank. . . .

Aside from the shattered jars and scroll debris, the archaeologists found an elaborate stamp seal made of the semi-precious stone carnelian, and evidence that prehistoric man had also once dwelled in these cliff-side desert caves.

In October, a young Mauritanian national murdered an Orthodox Jewish man on his way to synagogue in Chicago. This alone should be sufficient sign of the rising dangers of anti-Semitism. Nathan Diament explains how the Anti-Semitism Awareness Act (AAA) can, if passed, make American Jews safer:

We were off to a promising start when the AAA sailed through the House of Representatives in the spring by a generous vote of 320 to 91, and 30 senators from both sides of the aisle jumped to sponsor the Senate version. Then the bill ground to a halt.

Fearful of antagonizing their left-wing activist base and putting vulnerable senators on the record, especially right before the November election, Democrats delayed bringing the AAA to the Senate floor for a vote. Now, the election is over, but the political games continue.

You can’t combat anti-Semitism if you can’t—or won’t—define it. Modern anti-Semites hide their hate behind virulent anti-Zionism. . . . The Anti-Semitism Awareness Act targets this loophole by codifying that the Department of Education must use the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance’s working definition of anti-Semitism in its application of Title VI.