In the oldest Hebrew inscriptions and manuscripts that mention the city of Jerusalem, the city’s name is spelled “Yerushalem” or simply “Shalem,” as opposed to the spelling “Yerushalayim,” which did not become standard until the end of the 1st millennium. The Jerusalem Post reports:

The limestone column that dates to the Second Temple period was discovered ten months ago on an excavation site near the International Convention Center in Jerusalem. The words “Hananiah son of Dudolos from Jerusalem” were etched on the column, which was part of a building that stood in a Jewish potters’ village near the entrance to Jerusalem some 2,000 years ago. . . .

The word Jerusalem was found on silver coins dating before the time of this column, but they were written in Aramaic.

Details of who Hananiah was and why he etched his name on the column are yet to be uncovered; however, what can be confirmed is that he was Jewish. . . . According to Dudy Mevorach, the chief curator of archaeology at the Israel Museum, “It is likely that [Hananiah] was an artisan or the son of an artisan” and [that the word] Dudolos was not [the name of his father] but an homage to the mythical Greek artist [Daedalus].

While it is commendable that administrators of several universities finally called upon police to crack down on violent and disruptive anti-Israel protests, the actions they have taken may be insufficient. At Columbia, demonstrators reestablished their encampment on the main quad after it had been cleared by the police, and the university seems reluctant to use force again. The school also decided to hold classes remotely until the end of the semester. Such moves, whatever their merits, do nothing to fix the factors that allowed campuses to become hotbeds of pro-Hamas activism in the first place. The editors of National Review examine how things go to this point:

Since the 10/7 massacre, Columbia’s Jewish students have been forced to endure routine calls for their execution. It shouldn’t have taken the slaughter, rape, and brutalization of Israeli Jews to expose chants like “Globalize the intifada” and “Death to the Zionist state” as calls for violence, but the university refused to intervene on behalf of its besieged students. When an Israeli student was beaten with a stick outside Columbia’s library, it occasioned little soul-searching from faculty. Indeed, it served only as the impetus to establish an “Anti-Semitism Task Force,” which subsequently expressed “serious concerns” about the university’s commitment to enforcing its codes of conduct against anti-Semitic violators.

But little was done. Indeed, as late as last month the school served as host to speakers who praised the 10/7 attacks and even “hijacking airplanes” as “important tactics that the Palestinian resistance have engaged in.”

The school’s lackadaisical approach created a permission structure to menace and harass Jewish students, and that’s what happened. . . . Now is the time finally to do something about this kind of harassment and associated acts of trespass and disorder. Yale did the right thing when police cleared out an encampment [on Monday]. But Columbia remains a daily reminder of what happens when freaks and haters are allowed to impose their will on campus.