Almost a century before Górnicki wrote his memorandum, a similar dispute was going on in a neighboring country. In The Berlin Anti-Semitism Controversy, Frederick Beiser examines attacks on Jews in highbrow German publications of the 1870s and 1880s, which paralleled more vulgar efforts to harness prejudice by pamphleteers and agitators. Allan Arkush writes in his review:
The key figure was Heinrich von Treitschke, who was a leading nationalist historian, editor of the important Historische Zeitschrift, and a prominent legislator. He was widely known as “the herald of the Reich,” of a unified Germany, and he had had nothing to do with the anti-Semitic movement during the years that it began to take shape. But in November 1879, he published an article surveying current events that concluded with a few pages on the recent rise of anti-Semitism.
Treitschke deplored the “dirt and brutality” in anti-Semitic activities. But he quickly acknowledged that the stir they were creating showed that “the instinct of the masses has in fact correctly recognized a grave danger, a very considerable fault of the new German life.”
How could a lifelong liberal veer so far in such an illiberal direction?
Beiser sizes up Treitschke’s outlook objectively, not sympathetically, but it is still startling to see how he takes for granted the basic accuracy of the German historian’s depiction of all too many of his Jewish fellow citizens in 1879 as members of a culturally alien nation within a nation.
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