In the 1990s, a UN inspector tasked with making sure Iraq was not engaged in efforts to develop weapons of mass destruction stumbled upon Baghdad’s last functioning synagogue—the surviving remnant of a Jewish community that, at the beginning of the last century, made up a third of the city’s population. He managed to film a menorah lighting that took place there. While the footage was badly damaged, it has since been restored and digitized by the American Sephardi Federation. Here a congregant says the prayers over the candle lighting, and then recites Psalm 30. (Video, 2 minutes.)

Israel will likely respond directly against Iran after yesterday’s attack, and has made known that it will calibrate its retaliation based not on the extent of the damage, but on the scale of the attack. The specifics are anyone’s guess, but Edward Luttwak has a suggestion, put forth in an article published just hours before the missile barrage: cut off Tehran’s ability to send money and arms to Shiite Arab militias.

In practice, most of this cash comes from a single source: oil. . . . In other words, the flow of dollars that sustains Israel’s enemies, and which has caused so much trouble to Western interests from the Syrian desert to the Red Sea, emanates almost entirely from the oil loaded onto tankers at the export terminal on Khark Island, a speck of land about 25 kilometers off Iran’s southern coast. Benjamin Netanyahu warned in his recent speech to the UN General Assembly that Israel’s “long arm” can reach them too. Indeed, Khark’s location in the Persian Gulf is relatively close. At 1,516 kilometers from Israel’s main airbase, it’s far closer than the Houthis’ main oil import terminal at Hodeida in Yemen—a place that was destroyed by Israeli jets in July, and attacked again [on Sunday].