Since 2002, the Ukrainian city of Dnipro has been home to a large factory for baking shmurah (literally, “guarded”) matzah, the round, handmade unleavened bread produced under especially stringent conditions for use at the seder—and, for some Jews, for exclusive use during all of Passover. Thanks to favorable economic conditions, the factory was able to export its matzahs to Israel, the U.S., and Europe. That all changed when Russia invaded central Ukraine in 2022, as Mendy Wineberg writes:
The Russian navy blockaded all shipping in and out of Ukraine, immediately creating a crisis for the final shipments of matzah sitting in the port of Odessa that year. . . . As the battlefront spread deeper into Ukraine, wheat fields in the Zaporizhia region that had long been relied on for the special . . . wheat used in shmurah matzah were too dangerous to be accessed. Regular power outages caused by missile, bomb, and drone attacks on Ukraine’s infrastructure hampered the bakery’s efforts to produce matzah.
As the blockade continues with no signs of letting up, trucking the matzah to the nearest ports in Romania or Poland, a journey of at least 600 miles, is the only way to ship the precious cargo overseas—a factor that has added significant cost and time to the project.
Despite the challenges, the bakery has managed to meet demand. This year, the two bakeries in Dnipro and Uman will be shipping out a whopping 300,000 pounds of matzah, or 150 tons, about half of which goes to the United States.
More about: Matzah, Ukrainian Jews, War in Ukraine